Practice making Concept Maps

Making a concept map

Read the following information and make a concept map.

A syllable is a group of sounds that are pronounced together. Words can consist of a single
syllable, i.e., a monosyllable (tight, time) or of two or more syllables (polysyllabic), e.g.,
waiting (two syllables – disyllabic), tomato (three syllables), participate (four syllables),
university (five syllables), and so on. A syllable nearly always contains a vowel (e.g., eye
/aɪ/); this is called the syllable nucleus. The nucleus may be preceded or followed by one or
more consonants (e.g., tea, tree, stream, at, cat, cats, stamps). The consonant or consonants
preceding the nucleus are known as the syllable onset, and the consonants following the
nucleus are called the coda. A group of consonants in a syllable onset or coda is known as
a cluster. The English syllable can consist of clusters of up to three consonants in the onset
(e.g., strengths /strɛŋθs/), and as many as four in the coda (e.g., texts /tɛksts/). Note that we
are here concerned with pronunciation, so even though the word time looks as if it consists
of two syllables because it has two vowel letters in the orthography, the word consists of
only one syllable, as the second vowel letter in the spelling doesn’t represent a vowel sound.
A syllable that has a coda (i.e., one or more closing consonants) is called a closed syllable,
while a syllable that ends with a vowel phoneme is called an open syllable.
Occasionally, a syllable consists of a consonant only, most frequently /n/ or /l/, e.g., Britain
/ˈbrɪtn̩/, hidden /ˈhɪdn̩/, mission /ˈmɪʃn̩/, middle /ˈmɪdl̩/, apple /ˈæpl̩/. A consonant that
forms a syllable without the aid of a vowel is called a syllabic consonant. Note that we show
a syllabic consonant by means of a small vertical mark beneath the symbol (with descending
symbols, a superscript mark is used, e.g., bacon /ˈbeɪkŋ̍/). A word like apple /ˈæpl̩/ consists
of two syllables, but only the first contains a vowel; the second contains a syllabic consonant;
see Sections 2.19, 2.23, 2.26, and 8.2.

Candado

1

When you finish your concept map, your teacher will give you a code to continue with the next activity.

Compare your concept map with this one.

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Concept map comparison

Complete this concept map and then compare it with the one you made.

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